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Canal de Berry
The Canal de Berry is a disused canal in France which links the Canal latéral à la Loire at Marseilles-lès-Aubigny with the Cher at Noyers rejoining the Loire near Tours. With a branch from Montluçon it provided of canal with locks wide from 1840 until its closure in 1955. There is now a operational segment with six locks between Selles-sur-Cher and Noyers-sur-Cher.〔〔
==Construction==
Although discussed from 1484,〔(L'Encyclopedie de Bourges )〕 it was not until 1780 when Armand II-Joseph, 6th Duke of Béthune Charost presented the first solid proposal to the provincial assembly. But work did not start until after an imperial decree in 1809 and was not completed until 1839. The work was designed by Joseph-Michel Dutens〔French Wiki article〕 and mainly carried out by Spanish prisoners of war in the 1820s.
Because of the shortage of water near the summit level at Sancoins, the 96 locks of the canal were built to a gauge of only by , similar to British "narrow canal" practice. Barges built to this gauge are called ''berrichons''. They could carry about 60 tonnes of freight over the summit of the Canal de Berry but their draught allowed them to carry up to 100 tonnes on other French waterways.〔 By 1865 there were 890 ''berrichons'' on the waterway, drawn teams of two to four by horses, mules or donkeys.
The main traffic of the canal was cast iron from the forges at Montluçon, and coal, pit props, wines and spirits.〔H. McKnight. ''Cruising French Waterways'', Adlard Coles, 1991〕 However despite a new pumping station in 1878, leakages caused a lowering of water levels so the canal was never upgraded to the Freycinet gauge. Traffic declined steadily till the 1930s and was finally closed in 1955.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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